Siberian Fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb)
Plant Family Pinaceae
Synonyms
Russian Fir, Siberian silver fir, Siberian Pine
Origin
The Siberian Fir Needle is a coniferous evergreen tree growing to 30 meters, producing needles that are highly aromatic. The shape of needles as opposed to leaves, are natures survival instinct – the needles allows less water evaporation as it would from a leaf that has more surface area. A hardy tree that is tolerant of the little sunshine, frosts and snows, surviving temperatures down to −50 °C, which can then live up to 150 – 200 years.
Native to eastern Russia, Turkey, Mongolia and northern China, forming large forests in north and east Russia and Siberia. Visually, it encompasses the perfect Christmas tree. It was introduced to Europe in the 17th century and used for house and shipbuilding. Oil was produced in small villages throughout Russia before the revolution. This oil is a favourite to use around the Christmas holidays.
Siberian Fir oil is mainly used in perfumery in the production of soaps and bath extracts with a green scent, as well as as a raw material for the production of artificial medical camphor.
Extraction Method
The oil is extracted from the needles and small twigs collected and are then steam distilled. An inferior grade oil is also extracted from the cones, twigs and wood chippings, but this is not recommended for aromatherapy.
It is necessary up to 200 kg of fresh Siberian Fir needles to obtain 1 kg of essential oil.
Nature of the Oil
A colourless to pale yellow liquid. Siberian Fir Essential Oil smells beautifully coniferous, woody, clean and crisp.
Perfumery Note – top. The aroma lasts 24 hours.
Main Constituents:

Properties
Sedative, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, against infection of respiratory tract.
Therapeutic Properties
The main indications for the use of fir oil: respiratory diseases (bronchitis, cough, asthma, influenza, pneumonia), liver disease, cholecystitis, urinary tract diseases, kidney stones, rheumatic complaints, severe muscle stress, hyper hydrolysis (especially legs).
Siberian fir essential oil contains about 30% bornyl acetate, an ester that has a soothing, balancing and anti-inflammatory effect. It is an excellent oil that can be used in blends designed to treat respiratory ailments, muscle pain and ailments.
For swelling, neuralgia, neuritis, arthritis and osteochondrosis, accompanied by pain, to improve the blood supply to the muscles during intense physical exertion, rubbing, massage or baths are shown 2-3 times a week until symptoms disappear.
Siberian Fir oil as a regulator of the emotional background, aroma of premises for the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases, elimination of foreign odors is effectively used in aroma lamps.
With any method of use, Siberian fir oil improves visual acuity and prevents eye fatigue.
It combines well with many other essential oils, including essential oils from the coniferous, woody, citrus and herb families.,
Aromatherapeutic Uses
Antiseptic, tonic, soothing, strengthening, expectorant, improving adrenal function and blood supply.
Psychological Profile
Psychotherapists claim that the scent of fir oil is a balm for the soul. It comforts and strengthens, instills optimism. Indicated for feelings of loneliness and abandonment.
Siberian fir essential oil is also recommended in cases of anger, intolerance of toxic relationships to improve a sense of connection with oneself and move forward without fear.
Blends Well With
Essential oils of Bergamot and other Citrus oils, cedar, cypress, eucalyptus, frankincense, juniper, lavender, rosemary, tea tree.
Our safety advice
Tisserand and Young indicate that there is a low risk of skin sensitization when using Siberian Fir Essential Oil topically. They precaution to avoid use of the oil if it has oxidized. Reading Tisserand and Young’s [2]. This essential oil poses a higher risk of causing irritation and sensitization when used in the bath. Avoid using it in the bath, even if it is diluted.
Cautions
Because of its (+) -limonene, alpha-pinene and sigma-3-carene content we recommend that oxidation of Siberian fir needle oil is avoided by storage in a dark, airtight container in a refrigerator. The addition of an antioxidant to preparations containing it is recommended.
Other varieties
Pseudotsuga taxifolia and Abies balsamea (Canada Balsam Fir).
Turpentine oil is produced from both Pseudotsuga taxifolia and Abies balsamea. This product is also a true turpentine because it consists of both resin and volatile oil. Component is principally alpha-Pinene.
Abies balsamea (Balsam Fir). It contains up to 90% Monoterpenes. It is antiseptic and antispasmodic and is inhaled for the respiratory system.
Abies alba (White Fir). Contains 95% Monoterpenes. It is an antiseptic; inhaled for respiratory problems. In addition, Abies alba produces a cone oil with a very pleasant balsamic odor consisting chiefly Limonene and used as an adjunct in all Pine needle scents.
Abies sachalinensis and Abies Mariana. They are commonly called Japanese Pine Needle, but are actually Firs. They contain mainly Limonene and Sesquiterpenes. Primarily used for respiratory inhalations and for scenting of soap.

References
1. C. Wildwood “The Encyclopedia of Aromatherapy”, Vermont, Healing Arts Press, 1996
2. R. Tisserand, R. Young, E. M Williamson “Essential Oil Safety. A Guide for Health Care Professionals”, Churchill Livingstone ELSEVIER, 2014
3. S. Curtis “Essential Oils”, AURUM, London, 1996
4. R. Balz “The Healing Power of Essential Oils”, LOTUS LIGHT SHANGRI-LA, Twin Lakes, 1996
5. Л.ГДудченко, Г.П.Потебня, Н.А.Кривенко «Ароматерапия и аромамасаж», «Максимум», Киев, 1999